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West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It belongs to the Flavivirus genus and is a member of the same virus family as dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses.
The virus was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937. It is now found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. In the U.S., WNV was first detected in 1999 and has since become a significant public health concern.
While most people infected with WNV experience mild symptoms or none at all, about 1 in 150 people can develop severe illness. Severe cases can lead to neurological conditions such as encephalitis or meningitis, which can be life-threatening.
- Symptoms of west Nile Virus
West Nile virus symptoms can vary based on the severity of the infection:
-
- Asymptomatic: The majority of people (about 70-80%) do not show any symptoms.
- Mild Symptoms (West Nile Fever):
- Fever
- Headache
- Body aches
- Fatigue
- Skin rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Severe Symptoms (Neuro invasive Disease):
-
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Confusion or disorientation
- Muscle weakness or tremors
- Seizures
- Paralysis
- In severe cases, symptoms of West Nile encephalitis or meningitis, which may include changes in mental status, difficulty speaking, or loss of consciousness.
Severe cases are less common but can lead to serious complications affecting the brain and central nervous system.
- Preventive measures of West Nile Virus
To prevent West Nile virus infection, consider the following measures:
-
- Avoid Mosquito Bites:
- Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
- Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks when outdoors, especially during peak mosquito activity times (dawn and dusk).
- Consider treating clothing and gear with permethrin.
- Avoid Mosquito Bites:
- Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites:
-
- Remove or regularly empty containers that can hold standing water, such as birdbaths, planters, and old tires.
- Clean gutters and other areas where water can accumulate.
- Use Mosquito Screens:
- Ensure that windows and doors have screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.
- Stay Informed:
- Be aware of local mosquito activity and WNV outbreaks by following public health updates.
Taking these steps can significantly reduce the risk of contracting West Nile virus.